Ursus arctos
Brown Bear
References
Calvignac, S, Hughes S, Tougard C, Michaux J, Thevenot M, Philippe M, Hamdine , Hanni C. 2008. Ancient DNA evidence for the loss of a highly divergent brown bear clade during historical times. Molecular Ecology 17(8):1962-1970.
Miller CR and Waits LP. 2003. The history of effective population size and genetic diversity in the Yellowstone grizzly (Ursus arctos): Implications for conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 100(7):4334-4339.
Shields, GF, Adams, D, Garner, G, Labelle, M, Pietsch, J, Ramsay, M, Schwartz, C, Titus, K, Williamson, S. 2000. Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15:319-326.
Taberlet P, Bouvet J. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of the brown bear Ursus arctos in Europe. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 255:195-200.
Talbot, SL, Shields, GF. 1996. Phylogeography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Alaska and paraphyly within the Ursidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5:477-494.
Valdiosera, CE, Garcia-Garitagoitia, JL, Garcia N, Doadrio I, Thomas MG, Hanni C, Arsuaga JL, Barnes I, Hofreiter M, Orlando L, Gotherstorm A. 2008. Surprising migration and population size dynamics in ancient Iberian brown bears (Ursus arctos). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 105(13):5123-5128.
Waits, LP, Talbot, SL, Ward, RH, Shields, GF. 1998. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the North American brown bear and implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 12(2):408-417.
Title Illustrations
| Scientific Name | Ursus arctos middendorffi |
|---|---|
| Location | Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA |
| Comments | Kodiak Brown Bear |
| Creator | John and Karen Hollingsworth |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | Kodiak Brown Bear |
| Source Collection | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Online Digital Media Library |
| Scientific Name | Ursus arctos horribilis |
|---|---|
| Location | Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | Grizzly Bear |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| Copyright |
© 2008 Jim Scarff
|
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- First online 12 October 2008
- Content changed 12 October 2008
Citing this page:
Tree of Life Web Project. 2008. Ursus arctos. Brown Bear. Version 12 October 2008 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Ursus_arctos/123666/2008.10.12 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
