Ursidae
Bears
- Ursus americanus (American Black Bear)
- Ursus arctos (Brown Bear)
- Ursus maritimus (Polar Bear)
- Ursus thibetanus (Asiatic Black Bear)
- Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Giant Panda)
- Helarctos malayanus (Sun Bear)
- Melursus ursinus (Sloth Bear)
- Tremarctos ornatus (Spectacled Bear)
References
Christiansen, P. 2007. Evolutionary implications of bite mechanics and feeding ecology in bears. Journal of Zoology 272(4):423-443.
Krause, J, Unger, T, Nocon, A, Malaspinas, AS, Kolokotronis, SO, Stiller, M, Soibelzon, L, Spriggs, H, Dear, PH, Briggs, AW, Bray, SCE, O'Brien, SJ, Rabeder, G, Matheus, P, Cooper, A, Slatkin, M, Paabo, S, Hofreiter, M. 2008. Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8:220.
Nakagome, S, Pecon-Slattery, J, Masuda, R. 2008. Unequal rates of Y chromosome gene divergence during speciation of the family Ursidae. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25 (7): 1344-1356.
Pages, M, Calvignac, S, Klein, C, Paris, M, Hughes, S, Hanni, C. 2008. Combined analysis of fourteen nuclear genes refines the Ursidae phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (1): 73-83.
Talbot SL, Shields, GF. 1996. A phylogeny of the bears (ursidae) inferred from complete sequences of three mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5:567-575.
Waits, LP, Sullivan, J, O'Brien, SJ, Ward, RH. 1999. Rapid radiation events in the family Ursidae indicated by likelihood phylogenetic estimation from multiple fragments of mtDNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13(1):82-92.
Yu, L, Li, YW, Ryder, OA,Zhang, Y-P. 2007. 2004. Phylogeny of the bears (Ursidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(2):480-494.
Yu, L, Li, YW, Ryder, OA, Zhang, Y-P. 2007. Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7:198.
Zhang YP, Ryder OA. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships of bears (the ursidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3:351-359.
Title Illustrations
| Scientific Name | Melursus ursinus |
|---|---|
| Location | captive, Woodland Park Zoo |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | hello sloth bear |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| Image Use |
 This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 2.0.
|
| Copyright | © 2007 Lara |
| Scientific Name | Ursus arctos horribilis |
|---|---|
| Location | Brooks Falls National Park, Alaska, USA |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | Fish supper |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| Image Use |
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License - Version 2.0.
|
| Copyright | © 2006 Richard Forward |
| Scientific Name | Ailuropoda melanoleuca |
|---|---|
| Location | Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| Specimen Condition | Live Specimen |
| Source | _MG_3815-china-chengdu-wolong-panda-reserve |
| Source Collection | Flickr |
| Image Use |
This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
|
| Copyright | © 2008 Ewen Bell |
About This Page
Page copyright © 2008
Page: Tree of Life
Ursidae. Bears.
The TEXT of this page is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media
featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available
for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the
relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and
redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright
Policies.
- First online 12 October 2008
- Content changed 12 October 2008
Citing this page:
Tree of Life Web Project. 2008. Ursidae. Bears. Version 12 October 2008 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Ursidae/16015/2008.10.12 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
